In addition illiteracy is uncommon in Kazakhstan, which facilitate for the ladies to take share of the given information. Other solutions were “avoiding informal sexual contacts” and “use of clean syringes”. When the women had been requested if they’d enough information to guard themselves in opposition to HIV/AIDS, 42% (89/211) answered no and nearly the same quantity, forty two% (88/211) answered yes. Russian women answered to a considerably higher degree 63% (ninety five% CI forty nine–78) that they’d enough information in comparison with Kazakh women 36% (ninety five% CI 28–forty three). About two thirds, sixty eight% (141/206), of the women said that women and men have equal accountability to verify a condom is used throughout sexual intercourses.
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Of the entire group forty one% (88/215) of the women wished to be tested for HIV/AIDS. Fifty-nine percent (124/211) of the women stated they would inform the healthcare personnel in the event that they had been found to be HIV positive, 35% (seventy four/211) that they might inform their moms and 32% (68/211) their companions. There was also a tendency for the Russian women to say extra typically that they might inform their mothers, however the difference was within the margins of error.
Greater willingness amongst pregnant women to take an HIV check can be reported from a number of other research [10–13, 15, sixteen]. The low prevalence of pregnant women willing to take an HIV take a look at in Kazakhstan is not constructive and may be explained of that Kazakhstan has a high coverage, ninety one% in 2005 of antenatal care . Therefore, lots of the women participating in our research already had been tested for HIV/AIDS at first of their current pregnancy.
It is reassuring to see that only ten women out of 226 did not know there was a disease referred to as HIV or AIDS. This corresponds to the findings in a number of other studies regarding consciousness about HIV/AIDS amongst pregnant women from India , China , Papua New Guinea and Ghana . Compared with the women in Aksu, northwest China, the ladies in Semey had more usually heard of about HIV/AIDS. It is optimistic that the media are a major source of data, precisely as in the Aksu study and the Papua New Guinea study . That a majority of the women are conscious of a disease referred to as HIV/AIDS and that media are a major supply of knowledge reveals that the HIV epidemic is discussed in public and that the media are an environment friendly method of spreading data.
In general women, with greater levels of schooling were better than women with low training at appropriately excluding and including transmission routes of HIV/AIDS. The differences have been important for “shaking hands/hugging/living in the same house”, “changing garments with someone who has HIV/AIDS”, “sexual intercourses with condom”, and “sharing needles while injecting drugs”.
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Although 68% (95% CI 62–seventy five) knew that HIV could possibly be transmitted to the foetus by an contaminated mom throughout being pregnant and delivery, only 46% knew that breastfeeding could be a route of transmission. An explanation could be that transmission from mom to youngster not is a major route in Kazakhstan and due to this fact the ladies have not been reached on prevention strategies and details about this transmission means. The uncertainty about mom-to-youngster transmission as a route of HIV transmission has also been identified in other research . In distinction to the research mentioned above, two comparable studies conducted in India and Papua New Guinea reviews a better percentage, eighty% and sixty nine% respectively, of ladies who knew about breastfeeding as a route of transmission of HIV from mother to child. When it involves information about being pregnant and supply as routes of transmission, across the similar proportion of pregnant women in India and Papua New Guinea, as within the Hong Kong study , knew about these routes. There were fewer women in our study, who would take a HIV check if it was supplied, forty one% (CI ninety five% 34–forty seven) as compared with 77% (ninety five% CI seventy one–83) within the Hong Kong study.
Considering this the high price of ladies answering no to have an HIV take a look at could not point out unwillingness, as a substitute it could point out the fact that they already have been examined. When it involves informing these near themselves a majority of the women mentioned they might inform the healthcare personnel in the event that they have been discovered to be HIV positive. This indicates that lots of the women have put their confidence in the well being care system, which increases the system’s probability to stop further unfold of HIV and to give the infected women treatment. Only one out of three women felt assured enough to tell and get support from their husband, which is a problem, since informing one’s associate is an important problem in the prevention of additional spread. This is optimistic because these two routes are an important routes for the final inhabitants to pay attention to.
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To the open query regarding the main means HIV/AIDS is spread from one particular person to a different many ladies gave a number of solutions, the most typical being “sexual contact” given by seventy six% (122/160). The second most typical answer was blood transfusion, with 30% (48/160). Nineteen % (30/160) wrote intravenous drug use/needle sharing and 3% (5/160) wrote they did not know. Russian women significantly extra usually attended Special College (66%; ninety five% CI fifty one–80%) in comparison with 35% (95% CI 28–41%) for Kazakh women. Kazakh women had a bent to extra often attend University/Institute/Academy.
Of our responders sixty five% (134/206) answered that there are ways to guard oneself against sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS. Of the women who answered yes to this query, 55% (seventy four/134) specified methods to guard oneself. Note that the ladies have been allowed to offer a couple of means of safety. Regarding from whom the women thought they might get help in the event that they have been found to be HIV constructive, the far most typical reply was mom, with fifty one%. Only forty five% thought that they’d get help from healthcare personnel, and even fewer, 21%, mentioned they would get help from their fathers, partners 33% or friends 23%. A comparability between Kazakh and Russian women showed that extra Russian women expected to get assist from mothers and partners, while Kazakh women more typically mentioned associates and healthcare personnel.
The media have been a major source of knowledge, exhibiting that the HIV epidemic is discussed in public and that the media are an environment friendly method of disseminating info. However, it’s important that the information is correct, including that social contacts usually are not a threat, in any other case misconceptions may lead to additional stigmatization. The majority of the ladies were prepared to simply accept Caesarean part if being HIV positive and being beneficial kazakh woman this operation to lowered mother to child transmission. A attainable rationalization for why just 68% of the women answered they had been prepared to have Caesarean section could be that the women do not know what the term “Caesarean part” means. The women in Semey had limited knowledge about mom-to-child HIV transmission, contemplating that prevention of mother-to-baby transmission of HIV is a big part of the Kazakhstan HIV program. Both the questionnaires and the interviews confirmed this ignorance.